NORMAL EQUATION
Though normal equation directly gives solution without iteration like GD, it has many drawbacks. Like, for large datasets computing (X^T X)^(-1) is a costly operation. Moreover, if X^T X is non-invertible we can’t use normal equation directly as above.
The workaround in the case when X^T X is non-invertible is to use pseudo-inverse. Hence, gradient descent is more popular and good choice for solving linear regression problem.
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We can convert the polynomial regression problem into multiple linear regression problem just by assigning:
x1=x, x2=x2, x3=x3, …, xn=xn and then constructing multiple linear regression model y=θ_0+ ∑2_(i=1)^n〖θ_i x_i 〗
COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINATION
To determine the “goodness” of the fit in a linear regression model we use a quantitative measure. That is “Coefficient of Determination” (R^2). It is defined as follows.
Let there are m number of data points. y=[y_1, y_2, y_3, …, y_m ]^T is the vector of the actual values of target variable and y Ì‚=[y Ì‚_1, y Ì‚_2,y Ì‚_3, …, y Ì‚_m ]^T is the vector of predicted values of the target variable.
Let, y Ì… is the mean of the target variable. Then the Total Sum of Squares (TSS) is defined as follows:
TSS= ∑_(i=1)^mâ–’(y_i – y Ì… )^2
TSS is proportional to the variance of the target variable.
Properties of Coefficient of Determination:
R^2=Square of the correlation coefficient between the predictor and target variable.
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